CH 7 Skeletal System Review

Front

What is the function of articular cartilage in the skeletal system?

Back

Articular cartilage provides a smooth, lubricated surface for joint movement and acts as a cushion to absorb shock.

Front

Define an osteon and its significance in bone structure.

Back

An osteon, or Haversian system, is the fundamental functional unit of compact bone, consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric rings of bone matrix. It is crucial for the strength and structural integrity of bones.

Front

What is the medullary cavity and what is its role in the skeletal system?

Back

The medullary cavity is the central cavity of bone shafts where red and yellow bone marrow is stored. It plays a key role in the production of blood cells and fat storage.

Front

Identify the mandible and its importance in the human skeleton.

Back

The mandible, or lower jawbone, is the largest and strongest bone of the face. It holds the lower teeth in place and is essential for chewing and speaking.

Front

What is the epiphyseal plate and its function in long bones?

Back

The epiphyseal plate, also known as the growth plate, is a hyaline cartilage plate located at the ends of long bones. It is responsible for the lengthwise growth of bones during childhood and adolescence.

Front

Explain the difference between compact bone and spongy bone.

Back

Compact bone is dense and forms the outer layer of bones, providing strength and support, while spongy bone is lighter and found inside bones, containing red marrow and providing structural support.

Front

What are the main types of bone cells and their functions?

Back

The main types of bone cells are osteoblasts (bone formation), osteocytes (maintaining bone tissue), and osteoclasts (bone resorption). Each plays a crucial role in bone remodeling.

Front

Describe the role of calcium in the skeletal system.

Back

Calcium is essential for bone formation and maintenance, providing strength and rigidity. It also plays a critical role in muscle contraction and nerve function.

Front

What is the significance of the periosteum in bone health?

Back

The periosteum is a dense layer of vascular connective tissue that covers the bones, providing protection, nourishment, and a site for muscle attachment.

Front

How do bones respond to mechanical stress according to Wolff's Law?

Back

Wolff's Law states that bone adapts to the loads under which it is placed; if loading on a bone increases, the bone will remodel over time to become stronger to resist that sort of loading.