Sampling and Data Analysis Concepts

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Sample

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A subset (group) of a given population with the same characteristics as the whole population.

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Random Sample

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A sample chosen as a result of a random process, representing the whole population well.

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Population

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A collection of objects or group of people about whom information is gathered.

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Bias

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Words used in a survey question that intentionally or unintentionally influence results.

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Parameter

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A quantifiable attribute of an entire population such as a mean, standard deviation, or proportion.

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Standard Deviation

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A calculation to find the average distance from the mean.

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IQR

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InterQuartile Range, calculated as Q3-Q1.

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Box Plot

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A method for graphically demonstrating the locality, spread, and skewness of numerical data through quartiles.

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Center

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A single value representing the data, such as the mean, median, mode, or midrange.

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Spread

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A measure of how close data values are to each other, such as range, standard deviation, or interquartile range.