Study Guide I

Front

1. 1.Describe the three components of Taxonomy

Back

1. Classification - grouping organisms into hierarchical categories based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships

2. - arranging organisms into taxa (e.g., species, genus, family) to reflect their similarities and common ancestry.

Nomenclature - system of naming organisms following standardized rules (given a unique, universally accepted scientific name), such as those set by the International Code of Nomenclature

Identification - determining and assigning an organism to an existing taxonomic group by comparing its characteristics (e.g., morphology, genetics, behavior) to known criteria or references

Front

List the ranks used in taxonomy using the proper hierarchy.

Back

Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup.

Domain

Kingdom

• Phylum

• Class

• Order

• Family

• Genus

• Species

Front

Give an example of each rank.

Back

Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Deinococcota
Class: Deinococci
Order: Deinococcales
Family: Deinococcaceae
Genus: Deionococcus
Species: Deionococcus radiodurans

Front

How are bacteria classified? Is this the same as how organisms like protozoa, fungi and helminths are classified?

Back

Classified based on:

• - morphology

• -cell wall composition/gram stain reaction

• -metabolism

• -genetic and molecular characteristics

• - physiological traits

No, protozoa, fungi, and helminths are not classified in the same way as bacteria because their structural and functional differences require different criteria for classification.

different systems of classification because suited to their unique biological characteristics (prokaryotic vs eukaryotic)

Front

What are the major criteria used when classifying microorganisms?

Back

• -Morphology

• - Staining Characteristics

• - Metabolism
  - Genetics

• - Physiology

• -Ecology

• - Pathogenecity

1.Morphological characteristics

2.biochemical and metabolic traits

3.Genetic Make-up

4.Ecological Factors

Front

Define species, strains, and genera with reference to bacterial classification.

Back

Species - group of bacteria with similar genetic and phenotypic characteristics

Strains - variants or subtypes within species, differing in traits like pathogenicity or antibiotic resistance

Genus - broader category of closely related species.

Front

Define the following approaches to classification:

(Natural classification)

Back

Classifies organisms based on their evolutionary history and common characteristics, reflecting natural relationships.

Front

Define the following approaches to classification:

(Special or Artificial classification)

Back

classified based on specific, often arbitrary characteristics, which are chosen for convenience, without considering evolutionary relationships.

-can be practical for certain purposes but lacks biological accuracy

Front

Define the following approaches to classification:

(Phenetic classification)

Back

based on overall similarity in observable traits (morphological, physiological), regardless of evolutionary relationships.

• -uses statistical methods to assess overall similarity

Front

Define the following approaches to classification:

(Phylogenetic classification)

Back

based on their evolutionary history, using genetic data (e.g., DNA or RNA sequences) to determine common ancestry

- aims to reflect the true evolutionary lineage and is often visualized in a phylogenetic tree