Protein Synthesis & Mutations

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?

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The two main stages of protein synthesis are transcription and translation.

Front

What occurs during transcription?

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During transcription, the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA.

Front

What occurs during translation?

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During translation, the mRNA sequence is read by ribosomes to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

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What is a mutation?

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A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.

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What are the types of mutations?

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The main types of mutations are insertion, deletion, and substitution.

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What is an insertion mutation?

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An insertion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide bases are added to a DNA sequence.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide bases are removed from a DNA sequence.

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide base is replaced by another in a DNA sequence.

Front

How can mutations affect protein synthesis?

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Mutations can alter the amino acid sequence of a protein, potentially affecting its structure and function.