Forensic Science DNA Analysis Techniques

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Why is it important to use a new pipette tip for each sample in DNA analysis?

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To avoid contaminating the other samples.

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What does PCR stand for and what is its purpose in DNA analysis?

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PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction; it is a technique used to make many copies (millions or billions) of a particular region of DNA.

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What is the role of restriction enzymes in DNA analysis?

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Restriction enzymes are special proteins that target specific base sequences and cut DNA into smaller fragments.

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What does CODIS stand for and what is its function?

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CODIS stands for Combined DNA Index System; it is a computerized database used to store DNA information.

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What is DNA fingerprinting?

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DNA fingerprinting is the pattern of DNA fragments obtained by examining a person's unique sequence of DNA base pairs.

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What is the significance of DNA replication in forensic science?

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DNA replication is crucial for amplifying DNA samples for analysis, allowing forensic scientists to work with small amounts of DNA.

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How does gel electrophoresis work in DNA analysis?

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Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size by applying an electric field to a gel matrix.

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What is the purpose of DNA sequencing in forensic science?

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DNA sequencing determines the exact order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule, which can be used for identification and comparison.

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What are short tandem repeats (STRs) and why are they important in forensic DNA analysis?

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STRs are repeating sequences of DNA that vary in length among individuals; they are important for creating DNA profiles.

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What is the difference between nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA?

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Nuclear DNA is inherited from both parents and contains the majority of genetic information, while mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother and is useful for maternal lineage tracing.