Experimental Design

The independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to test its effects on the dependent variable.

The dependent variable is the variable that is measured and affected in the experiment; it is the outcome that is observed.

A controlled variable is a factor in an experiment that is kept constant to ensure that the results are due to the independent variable.

The independent variable is typically the factor that is manipulated or changed by the researcher in the experiment.

The dependent variable is usually the outcome or effect that is measured in response to changes in the independent variable.

The control group serves as a baseline to compare the effects of the independent variable, helping to isolate the variable being tested.

Randomization helps to eliminate bias by ensuring that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, enhancing the validity of the results.

A hypothesis is a testable statement or prediction about the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

Replication involves repeating an experiment to confirm the results and ensure that they are reliable and not due to chance.

Qualitative data is descriptive and involves characteristics that can be observed but not measured, while quantitative data involves numerical measurements.