Compounds and Mixtures

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What is a compound?

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A compound is a substance formed when two or more different atoms are chemically bonded together. Examples include H2O (water), NaCl (table salt), and CO2 (carbon dioxide).

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What is a mixture?

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A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined. An example of a mixture is pizza, which contains various ingredients that retain their individual properties.

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What do subscripts in a chemical formula represent?

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Subscripts in a chemical formula indicate the number of atoms of each element present in a compound. For example, in H2O, the '2' indicates there are two hydrogen atoms.

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What is an example of a pure substance?

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Gold is an example of a pure substance, as it consists of only one type of atom and has a uniform composition.

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What distinguishes an element from a compound?

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An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, while a compound is made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined.

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What is the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous mixture?

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A homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition throughout, such as saltwater, while a heterogeneous mixture has a non-uniform composition, such as a salad.

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What is the law of definite proportions?

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The law of definite proportions states that a chemical compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass, regardless of the amount or source of the compound.

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What is a solution?

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A solution is a homogeneous mixture where one substance (the solute) is dissolved in another (the solvent). An example is sugar dissolved in water.

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What is the process of separating a mixture called?

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The process of separating a mixture into its individual components is called separation, which can be achieved through methods like filtration, distillation, or chromatography.

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What is an alloy?

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An alloy is a mixture of two or more metals, or a metal and another element, that has metallic properties. Examples include bronze (copper and tin) and steel (iron and carbon).