Protein Synthesis

Front

What is the process of protein synthesis?

Back

The process of protein synthesis involves two main stages: transcription and translation. Transcription occurs in the nucleus where DNA is converted into mRNA, and translation occurs in the ribosomes where mRNA is used to synthesize proteins with the help of tRNA.

Front

Where does translation occur in the cell?

Back

Translation occurs at the ribosomes.

Front

What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

What type of RNA carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the DNA message out of the nucleus to the ribosomes.

Front

What are homologous chromosomes?

Back

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of identical chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, that have the same genes at the same loci.

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

In a double-stranded DNA molecule, the amount of Adenine (A) is always equal to the amount of Thymine (T), and the amount of Cytosine (C) is always equal to the amount of Guanine (G).

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into proteins based on the sequence of codons in mRNA.

Front

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the information in a segment of DNA is copied into mRNA, which then exits the nucleus to be translated into a protein.

Front

What is the significance of codons in mRNA?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis.

Front

How do mutations affect protein synthesis?

Back

Mutations can alter the sequence of nucleotides in DNA, potentially leading to changes in the mRNA and resulting in the production of abnormal proteins or no protein at all.