Particles in Motion

Front

What is kinetic energy and how is it affected by heat?

Back

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. It increases when heat is added to a substance, causing its particles to move faster.

Front

What happens to gas particles in a balloon when they are heated?

Back

The gas particles gain energy, move faster, and expand, causing the balloon to inflate.

Front

Describe the effect of heating on particle motion in substances.

Back

When substances are heated, their particles speed up and move apart, leading to expansion.

Front

What is compression in terms of particle behavior?

Back

Compression is the reduction of volume of matter due to applied pressure, causing particles to come closer together.

Front

How does the kinetic energy of solids compare to that of gases?

Back

Solids have low kinetic energy compared to gases, as their particles are closely packed and vibrate in place.

Front

What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy?

Back

As temperature increases, the kinetic energy of particles increases, leading to faster movement.

Front

What is the role of pressure in the behavior of gases?

Back

Pressure can compress gas particles, reducing their volume and increasing their density.

Front

Explain how particle motion differs in solids, liquids, and gases.

Back

In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions; in liquids, they move more freely but remain close together; in gases, they move rapidly and are far apart.

Front

What is thermal expansion?

Back

Thermal expansion is the increase in volume of a substance as its temperature rises, due to increased particle motion.

Front

How does adding heat affect the state of a substance?

Back

Adding heat can change a substance's state from solid to liquid (melting) or from liquid to gas (vaporization) as particles gain energy.