AP Biology: Unit 3 Review (CED)

Front

What is the role of competitive inhibitors in enzyme activity?

Back

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site of an enzyme, preventing the substrate from binding and thus inhibiting the enzyme's activity.

Front

How do noncompetitive inhibitors affect enzyme function?

Back

Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a site other than the active site, altering the enzyme's shape and function, which reduces its activity regardless of substrate concentration.

Front

Define oxidation in the context of cellular respiration.

Back

Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons from a molecule, which often occurs during cellular respiration as glucose is broken down.

Front

What is the active site of an enzyme?

Back

The active site is the specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction occurs.

Front

Explain the function of the electron transport chain in photosynthesis.

Back

The electron transport chain establishes an electrochemical gradient of protons across the thylakoid membrane, which is used to produce ATP and NADPH.

Front

Where did photosynthesis first evolve, and in what organisms?

Back

Photosynthesis first evolved in prokaryotic organisms, such as cyanobacteria.

Front

What is the significance of the electrochemical gradient in cellular processes?

Back

The electrochemical gradient is crucial for processes like ATP synthesis, as it drives protons back across the membrane through ATP synthase.

Front

Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Back

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less ATP.

Front

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Back

Chlorophyll is the pigment that absorbs light energy, primarily in the blue and red wavelengths, and converts it into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

Front

Describe the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Back

Light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes and convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.