STUDY PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Front

What is a start codon in protein synthesis?

Back

A start codon is a specific sequence of three nucleotide bases (AUG) that signals the beginning of protein synthesis.

Front

What role does tRNA play in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is produced during the transcription process?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is produced during transcription, which carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Front

What is a substitution mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide base is replaced by another, potentially changing the amino acid coded for by the DNA.

Front

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Back

DNA replication occurs during the S Phase of the cell cycle.

Front

What is the function of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA serves as a template that carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What are the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

The three main types of RNA are mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Front

What is the significance of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Back

The ribosome is the cellular machinery that assembles amino acids into proteins based on the sequence of codons in mRNA.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing mRNA from DNA, while translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA.

Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

An amino acid is a building block of proteins, and there are 20 different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form proteins.