A model, representation, or explanation that seeks to account for the related facts and provide means for producing a new hypothesis. OR A WELL TESTED EXPLANATION FOR EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS.

A testable, informed prediction, based on a theory, of what will happen in certain conditions. It must be testable.

All living things are made up of one or more cells.

A scientific test of a hypothesis. Results must be able to be replicated by other scientists doing the same experiment to be considered reliable

Spontaneous Generation

The notion that nonliving matter could suddenly produce living matter.

Scientists analyze the results of an experiment to decide whether those result support the prediction made in the hypothesis.

Scientists reconsider their experimental methods, the appropriateness of their hypothesis, and the adequacy of a theory when experimental results do not support the hypothesis.

How long does it take theories to be accepted as the most accurate explanation of how the natural world works?

Theories take years, or even decades to be validated

Steps of the Scientific Method

1: Make an observation / question 2: State the problem 3: Research the problem 4: Form a hypothesis 5: Conduct an experiment 6: Analyze the data 7: Form a conclusion 8: Repeat the work

The scientific method describes how to conduct valid experimental research.

A scientific fact is a statement, supported by a lot of scientific evidence, that is correct as far as we know.

1: Amino acids 2: Nucleic acids 3: Carbohydrates 4: Lipids

What are amino acids?

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

What are nucleic acids? What are they made out of?

Nucleic acids are info-rich organic molecules found in all living organisms. They contain genetic information. Large molecules made out of nucleotides. DNA (two strands twisted around each other in a double helix) and RNA (single stand)

What are carbohydrates? What are the two types?

Carbohydrates are made out of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio. It stores easily accessible (quick) energy The two types are simple (EX. GLUCOSE) and complex (EX. PASTA)

What is a Lipid? What is a phospholipid?

A lipid is a class of organic molecules including FATS, OILS, and WAXES. Phospholipids form cell membranes (The outer layer of coating surrounding cells. They have a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head. A double layer of phospholipid molecules are called a bilayer protecting the cell. They are polar.

Proteins are the basic building blocks of all living things

The state of matter depends on the amount of energy The more energy the particles have, the higher the temperature.

Protons: Positive charge, mass, in nucleus Neutrons: No charge, mass, in nucleus Electrons, Negative, no mass, in orbital.

Volume and shape in states of matter

Solid: has a fixed volume and a fixed shape Liquid: fixed volume and takes shape of its container Gas: no fixed volume nor fixed shape

an element is a substance composed of atoms with the same atomic number

a chemical combination of atoms

Electrically positive on one side and electrically negative on the other

Mostly made out of carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N)

Enzymes speed up certain chemical reactions within cells because of their shape.

Monomers and polymers

simple organic molecules are called monomers. Cells link together to build polymers - macromolecules made of molecules joined together.

A form of energy that travels as a wave

An electromagnetic wave is a wave made of changing electric and magnetic field strengths They can travel through empty space and matter

Electromagnetic spectrum

The entire range of electromagnetic waves

Largest and shortest EM waves

Longest: Radio waves Shortest: Gamma rays

How close you are to the target

You keep hitting the same area/spot

Hydrogen (H) - White Carbon (C) - Black Nitrogen (N) - Blue Oxygen (O) - Red Phosphorous (P) - Orange Sulfur (S) - Yellow

How would you write this as a chemical formula?

C2H6 Breaking it down: Carbon 2; there is 2 carbon molecules Hydrogen 6; there is 6 hydrogen molecules

The distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave. The wavelength of the wave is the same no matter where it is measured

Electromagnetic waves longest to shortest wavelengths

Longest: Radio waves X-rays Infrared Microwaves Shortest: Gamma rays UV light Visible light

what do infrared waves do?

Infrared waves from the sun keep the temperatures on earth suitable for life. The amount of infrared waves an object gives off depends on its type of surface and temperature.

what is visible? how do we see it?

Visible light is the very narrow range of wavelengths in the EM spectrum that humans can see. We see it as ROY G. BIV

Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. (Indigo is no longer a part of it but is still included)

Science Benchmark Study Guide Flashcards

Student preview

66 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Life

Back

A complex system of connected processes.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

6 characteristics of life

Back

1: respond to stimuli

2: living things are organized

3: gather matter and energy

4: grow, develop, reproduce

5: adapt to their environment

6: use and pass on genetic information

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

goal of science

Back

developing successful theories

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

why do scientists collect facts? do they collect them just to know a bunch of facts?

Back

scientists collect facts to develop theories, not to know a bunch of facts.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

why do scientists develop theories?

Back

scientists develop theories to help them think about how the world works.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

what is a way to gather more scientific facts / improve or rewrite theories?

Back

a way to gather more scientific facts or improve / rewrite theories is by observing and experimenting

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Scientific Theory

Back

A scientific theory is a mental model or representation / explanation describing how some part of the natural world works.

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