Periodic Trends Review

Front

What is the trend in atomic radius as you move down a group in the periodic table?

Back

The atomic radius increases as you move down a group due to the addition of electron shells.

Front

What is the trend in atomic radius as you move across a period from left to right in the periodic table?

Back

The atomic radius decreases as you move from left to right across a period due to increasing nuclear charge pulling electrons closer to the nucleus.

Front

What are valence electrons?

Back

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in chemical bonding.

Front

How do valence electrons affect an element's reactivity?

Back

The number of valence electrons determines how an element will react with other elements; elements with fewer valence electrons tend to lose them and become cations, while those with more tend to gain or share electrons.

Front

What is ionization energy?

Back

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state.

Front

How does ionization energy change across a period?

Back

Ionization energy generally increases as you move from left to right across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.

Front

How does ionization energy change down a group?

Back

Ionization energy generally decreases as you move down a group due to increased distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.

Front

What is the relationship between atomic radius and ionization energy?

Back

Generally, as atomic radius increases, ionization energy decreases because the outermost electrons are farther from the nucleus and are held less tightly.

Front

What is the significance of the periodic table's structure in understanding element properties?

Back

The periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number, and elements in the same group have similar properties due to their similar valence electron configurations.

Front

What are the elements in the same period?

Back

Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.