Periodic Trends

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What are halogens?

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Halogens are a group of elements in Group 17 of the periodic table, which includes fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At). They are known for their reactivity and tendency to form salts with metals.

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What is an alkali metal?

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Alkali metals are the elements found in Group 1 of the periodic table, including lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). They are characterized by their high reactivity, especially with water.

Front

Which element has the highest electronegativity?

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Fluorine (F) has the highest electronegativity of all elements, making it very effective at attracting electrons in chemical bonds.

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What is atomic radius?

Back

Atomic radius is a measure of the size of an atom, typically defined as the distance from the nucleus to the outermost shell of electrons. It can vary based on the element and its position in the periodic table.

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How does atomic radius change across a period?

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Atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period in the periodic table due to increasing nuclear charge, which pulls the electrons closer to the nucleus.

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How does atomic radius change down a group?

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Atomic radius increases down a group in the periodic table because additional electron shells are added, which increases the distance between the outermost electrons and the nucleus.

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What is ionization energy?

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Ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state. It is an important factor in determining an element's reactivity.

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How does ionization energy change across a period?

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Ionization energy generally increases from left to right across a period due to increasing nuclear charge, which makes it more difficult to remove an electron.

Front

How does ionization energy change down a group?

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Ionization energy decreases down a group in the periodic table because the outermost electrons are farther from the nucleus and are shielded by inner electrons, making them easier to remove.

Front

What is the trend of electronegativity in the periodic table?

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Electronegativity increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group in the periodic table.