Biology EOC Review P2

Front

What are the four main types of organic molecules found in living organisms?

Back

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Front

What is the primary function of lipids in biological systems?

Back

Lipids serve as long-term energy storage, structural components of cell membranes, and signaling molecules.

Front

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Back

A phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides?

Back

Purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil).

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix formed by two strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases.

Front

What makes up the sides of the DNA ladder?

Back

The sides of the DNA ladder are made up of alternating sugar and phosphate groups.

Front

What is facilitated diffusion?

Back

Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special proteins.

Front

What is the difference between active transport and passive transport?

Back

Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive transport does not require energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient.

Front

What role do enzymes play in biological reactions?

Back

Enzymes act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required.

Front

What is the significance of the cell membrane's phospholipid bilayer?

Back

The phospholipid bilayer forms a semi-permeable membrane that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.