Genetics Basics #1

Front

What does it mean for an organism to be homozygous dominant?

Back

An organism is homozygous dominant when it has two identical dominant alleles for a particular trait (e.g., RR).

Front

What does it mean for an organism to be homozygous recessive?

Back

An organism is homozygous recessive when it has two identical recessive alleles for a particular trait (e.g., mm).

Front

What is a heterozygous genotype?

Back

A heterozygous genotype consists of two different alleles for a particular trait (e.g., Tt).

Front

What are alleles?

Back

Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Back

Dominant alleles express their trait even when only one copy is present, while recessive alleles only express their trait when two copies are present.

Front

How can you determine the phenotype from a genotype?

Back

The phenotype is the observable expression of a genotype, which can be determined by the combination of alleles present.

Front

What is the significance of the genotype in genetics?

Back

The genotype determines the genetic makeup of an organism and influences its traits.

Front

What is a Punnett square used for?

Back

A Punnett square is a tool used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms.

Front

What does it mean for a trait to be expressed?

Back

A trait is expressed when the corresponding alleles in the genotype result in a visible or measurable characteristic in the phenotype.

Front

What is the role of dominant alleles in inheritance?

Back

Dominant alleles mask the effect of recessive alleles in heterozygous individuals, determining the phenotype.