6.8A Potential and Kinetic energy

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What is potential energy?

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Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position or state. For example, a rock at the edge of a cliff has potential energy because of its height.

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What is kinetic energy?

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Kinetic energy is the energy of an object in motion. The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has.

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How does potential energy convert to kinetic energy?

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When an object with potential energy is released, that energy converts to kinetic energy as it moves. For example, when a rubber band is stretched and released, the potential energy stored in it turns into kinetic energy as it flies.

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What factors affect potential energy?

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Potential energy depends on the mass of the object and its height above the ground. The formula is PE = mgh, where PE is potential energy, m is mass, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.

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What factors affect kinetic energy?

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Kinetic energy depends on the mass of the object and its velocity. The formula is KE = 1/2 mv², where KE is kinetic energy, m is mass, and v is velocity.

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What happens to potential energy as an object falls?

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As an object falls, its potential energy decreases while its kinetic energy increases, assuming no energy is lost to air resistance.

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In a pendulum, where is potential energy greatest?

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Potential energy is greatest at the highest points of the swing (positions 1 and 5) when the pendulum is momentarily at rest.

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In a pendulum, where is kinetic energy greatest?

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Kinetic energy is greatest at the lowest point of the swing (position 3) when the pendulum is moving the fastest.

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What is the relationship between potential and kinetic energy in a roller coaster?

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In a roller coaster, potential energy is highest at the top of the hills, and as the coaster descends, that potential energy converts to kinetic energy, making the coaster go faster.

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What is an example of an object with high potential energy?

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A boulder sitting at the top of a hill has high potential energy due to its height.

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