Protein Synthesis and Mutation L.16.4-L.16.5

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is a mutation?

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

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What is transcription in protein synthesis?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into mRNA.

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What is translation in protein synthesis?

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The process where ribosomes read mRNA and assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

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What are amino acids?

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The building blocks of proteins, which are linked together by peptide bonds.

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What is the role of mRNA?

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To carry the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

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What is the role of tRNA?

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To transport specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

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What is a codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

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What is a silent mutation?

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A mutation that changes a single nucleotide but does not change the amino acid sequence.

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What is a missense mutation?

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A mutation that results in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein.