Mitosis

Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, ensuring that each new cell receives an exact copy of the parent cell's DNA.

The phases of mitosis are Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

During prophase, the chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle apparatus begins to form.

During metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, and spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes.

Anaphase is the stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.

During telophase, the chromosomes reach the poles, the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes begin to de-condense.

DNA replication is crucial before mitosis to ensure that each daughter cell receives an identical set of genetic information.

A chromosome is a long, thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information.

A centromere is the region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined together and where the spindle fibers attach during mitosis.

Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells, while meiosis results in four genetically diverse gametes.