Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. It occurs in the nucleus and results in the formation of messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA sequence as a template. It occurs in the cytoplasm.

Front

What are the base pairing rules in RNA?

Back

In RNA, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G).

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures that read mRNA and assemble amino acids into proteins.

Front

What is the start codon?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine (T), while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil (U) instead of thymine.

Front

What is the process of making mRNA from DNA called?

Back

The process of making mRNA from DNA is called transcription.