Protein Synthesis

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids together according to the sequence of codons in mRNA.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the start codon and its significance?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid methionine.

Front

What is the difference between transcription and translation?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying DNA into mRNA, while translation is the process of converting mRNA into a protein.

Front

What are the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

Front

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins.

Front

What is a stop codon?

Back

A stop codon is a codon that signals the termination of translation, indicating that the protein synthesis is complete.