Periodic Trends Practice

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Ionization energy

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The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

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Atomic radius trend down a group

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Increases due to the addition of more shells (energy levels).

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Element with the highest first ionization energy

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Neon (Ne) has the highest first ionization energy among the given options.

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Valence electrons in lithium (Li)

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Lithium has 1 valence electron in its Lewis dot diagram.

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Valence electrons indicated in a Lewis dot diagram

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The number of valence electrons is represented by the dots around the element symbol.

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Definition of electronegativity

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A measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

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Trend of electronegativity across a period

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Increases from left to right across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.

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Trend of electronegativity down a group

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Decreases down a group due to increased distance between the nucleus and valence electrons.

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Definition of atomic mass

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The weighted average mass of an element's isotopes, measured in atomic mass units (amu).

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Definition of shielding effect

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The reduction in effective nuclear charge on the electron cloud, due to the presence of other electrons.