Translation

Front

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Back

The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the start codon for protein synthesis?

Back

The start codon is AUG, which codes for the amino acid methionine and signals the beginning of translation.

Front

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching its anticodon with the codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is the significance of the stop codons?

Back

Stop codons (UAA, UAG, UGA) signal the termination of protein synthesis, indicating that the polypeptide chain is complete.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template, resulting in the formation of mRNA.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into polypeptides.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What are the three main types of RNA?

Back

The three main types of RNA are mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA).