Genetics and Mutations Review

Front

What enzyme does transcription use?

Back

RNA polymerase

Front

What part of a nucleotide accounts for the genetic variation between individuals?

Back

Nitrogenous base

Front

The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called?

Back

Transcription

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

When a portion of the DNA is shifted in one direction due to a deletion or insertion.

Front

What best explains the interaction between tRNA and mRNA during translation?

Back

Anticodons on the tRNA line up with complementary codons on the mRNA.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase?

Back

DNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication.

Front

Define mutation.

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What is the difference between a substitution mutation and a frameshift mutation?

Back

A substitution mutation replaces one nucleotide with another, while a frameshift mutation shifts the entire sequence due to insertion or deletion.

Front

What is the function of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids.