AP Stats - Hypothesis Tests for Proportions

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What is the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?

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The significance level (α) is the probability of committing a Type I error, which is rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.

Tags

CCSS.HSS.MD.A.2

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What does a power of a test indicate?

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The power of a test is the probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.

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What is a Type I error?

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A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.

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What is a Type II error?

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A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is not rejected when the alternative hypothesis is true.

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What is a p-value?

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A p-value is the probability of obtaining results as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

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What does it mean if the p-value is less than the significance level (α)?

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If the p-value is less than α, we reject the null hypothesis, indicating that there is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.

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What is a null hypothesis (H0)?

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The null hypothesis (H0) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

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What is an alternative hypothesis (Ha)?

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The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

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What is a sampling distribution?

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A sampling distribution is the distribution of all possible values of a statistic (like a sample mean) calculated from all possible samples of a given size.

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What is the relationship between sample size and the power of a test?

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As the sample size increases, the power of the test generally increases, making it more likely to detect a true effect.