DNA and Gene Expression

Front

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Back

Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Guanine pairs with Cytosine (G-C).

Front

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Back

Nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the role of RNA in gene expression?

Back

RNA serves as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is transcription in the context of gene expression?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

What is translation in the context of gene expression?

Back

Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA at the ribosome.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein).

Front

What is the difference between purines and pyrimidines?

Back

Purines (adenine and guanine) have a double-ring structure, while pyrimidines (cytosine, thymine, and uracil) have a single-ring structure.

Front

Where does DNA replication occur in eukaryotic cells?

Back

DNA replication occurs in the nucleus.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

Back

The 5' end has a phosphate group, and the 3' end has a hydroxyl group, determining the direction of DNA synthesis.