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Active Transport

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Movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration, requiring energy (ATP).

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Diffusion

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The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration until equilibrium is reached.

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Equilibrium in Diffusion

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A state where the concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space.

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Osmosis

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A specific type of passive transport involving the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

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Passive Transport

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Movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy.

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Types of Passive Transport

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Includes diffusion and osmosis.

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Salt Water Solution Effect on Cells

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Causes cells to lose water and shrink (crenation in animal cells, plasmolysis in plant cells).

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Distilled Water Effect on Cells

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Causes cells to gain water and swell (may burst in animal cells, turgor pressure in plant cells).

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Starch Movement in Cells

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Starch cannot pass through the cell membrane; it will be found inside the cell after 24 hours.

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Concentration Gradient

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The difference in concentration of a substance across a space, driving diffusion and osmosis.