Protein Synthesis and Mutation L.16.4-L.16.5

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

Front

What are the two main stages of protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription and Translation.

Front

What occurs during transcription?

Back

The process where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA.

Front

What occurs during translation?

Back

The process where the mRNA sequence is decoded to form a polypeptide chain (protein) at the ribosome.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the protein produced.

Front

What is a silent mutation?

Back

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein.

Front

What is a missense mutation?

Back

A mutation that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in a protein.

Front

What is a nonsense mutation?

Back

A mutation that creates a premature stop codon, leading to a truncated protein.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A mutation caused by insertions or deletions of nucleotides that shifts the reading frame of the codons.