DNA Replication and Transcription/Translation

Front

What is DNA replication?

Back

The process by which a cell makes an exact copy of its DNA before cell division.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary strand from each of the original DNA strands.

Front

What is transcription?

Back

The process of synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template.

Front

What is the primary purpose of mRNA?

Back

To carry genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is translation?

Back

The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids.

Front

What is the significance of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Back

rRNA is a component of ribosomes, essential for protein synthesis.

Front

What happens if a cell stops producing rRNA?

Back

Translation (protein synthesis) would be immediately affected.

Front

What is a polypeptide?

Back

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, which folds into a functional protein.

Front

What are mutations in cell cycle regulatory genes?

Back

Changes in genes that control the cell cycle, leading to uncontrolled cell division, as seen in cancer.