Passive and Active Transport

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What is Passive Transport?

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Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy. It relies on the concentration gradient, moving substances from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration.

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What is Active Transport?

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Active transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane using energy, usually in the form of ATP. It moves substances against their concentration gradient, from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.

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Define Osmosis.

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Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

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What is Facilitated Diffusion?

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Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that uses transport proteins to help move substances across the cell membrane without using energy.

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What is Endocytosis?

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Endocytosis is an active transport process where cells engulf substances from the outside environment, forming a vesicle to bring them into the cell.

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What is Exocytosis?

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Exocytosis is an active transport process where cells expel materials in vesicles, releasing them into the external environment.

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What is a Hypertonic Solution?

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A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell, causing water to move out of the cell, leading to cell shrinkage.

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What is a Hypotonic Solution?

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A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell, causing water to move into the cell, which may lead to cell swelling or bursting.

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What is an Isotonic Solution?

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An isotonic solution has an equal concentration of solutes compared to the inside of the cell, resulting in no net movement of water into or out of the cell.

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What is the Sodium-Potassium Pump?

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The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport mechanism that moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, crucial for maintaining cellular function.