Biology EOC RC 3

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What is natural selection?

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Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. It is a key mechanism of evolution.

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What are alleles?

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Alleles are different versions of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome. They contribute to the genetic variation within a population.

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What is genetic drift?

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Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, which can lead to significant changes over time, especially in small populations.

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What is the founder effect?

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The founder effect occurs when a small group of individuals colonizes a new habitat, leading to a reduced genetic diversity compared to the original population.

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What is gene flow?

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Gene flow is the transfer of genetic material between populations through migration, which can introduce new alleles into a population's gene pool.

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What is recombination in meiosis?

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Recombination is the process during meiosis where genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes, resulting in offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those of their parents.

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What is the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

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The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.

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What is directional selection?

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Directional selection is a type of natural selection that favors one extreme phenotype over the others, leading to a shift in the population's traits.

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What is crossing-over?

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Crossing-over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which increases genetic diversity in offspring.

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What is an example of natural selection?

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An example of natural selection is the survival of red fox pups that are born white in snowy environments, as their coloration provides better camouflage from predators.