Periodic Trends

Front

What are valence electrons?

Back

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that are involved in forming bonds with other atoms.

Front

How many valence electrons does potassium (K) have?

Back

Potassium (K) has 1 valence electron.

Front

What is the trend in atomic radius across a period?

Back

The atomic radius decreases from left to right across a period due to increased nuclear charge pulling electrons closer to the nucleus.

Front

What is the trend in atomic radius down a group?

Back

The atomic radius increases down a group because additional energy levels are added, making the atom larger.

Front

What is electronegativity?

Back

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond.

Front

Which element has a higher electronegativity: phosphorus (P) or arsenic (As)?

Back

Phosphorus (P) has a higher electronegativity than arsenic (As).

Front

What is the trend in electronegativity across a period?

Back

Electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period.

Front

What is the trend in electronegativity down a group?

Back

Electronegativity generally decreases down a group.

Front

Which element has the largest atomic radius: gallium (Ga), aluminum (Al), or silicon (Si)?

Back

Gallium (Ga) has the largest atomic radius among the three.

Front

What is the significance of energy levels in an atom?

Back

Energy levels determine the distance of electrons from the nucleus and influence the atom's size and reactivity.