Biology EOC Review Part 2

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process that converts mRNA into a polypeptide (protein).

Front

What process produces RNA from a DNA template?

Back

Transcription is the process that produces RNA from a DNA template.

Front

What type of cells are plants and animals classified as?

Back

Plants and animal cells are classified as eukaryotic cells.

Front

In which organelle is genetic material found?

Back

Genetic material is found in the nucleus.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids together.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains the sugar ribose.

Front

What are the three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

The three types of RNA are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Front

What is the function of tRNA during translation?

Back

tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.