Diabetes Mellitus Complications

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Microvascular complications

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Affect small blood vessels; includes retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy

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Macrovascular complications

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Affect large blood vessels; includes coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease

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Diabetic retinopathy

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Damage to the retina; can lead to blindness

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Diabetic nephropathy

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Kidney damage; may result in kidney failure

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Diabetic neuropathy

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Nerve damage; causes pain, tingling, or numbness

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Coronary artery disease

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Narrowing of heart's blood vessels; increases heart attack risk

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Stroke

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Reduced blood flow to the brain; can cause paralysis or death

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Peripheral artery disease

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Narrowing of blood vessels in limbs; causes pain and mobility issues

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Hyperglycaemia

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High blood sugar levels; can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis

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Hypoglycaemia

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Low blood sugar levels; can cause confusion, seizures, or unconsciousness