DNA Mutations

Front

What is a DNA mutation?

Back

A DNA mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA, which can lead to changes in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

What are the types of DNA mutations?

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The main types of DNA mutations are substitution, insertion, deletion, and inversion.

Front

Define substitution mutation.

Back

A substitution mutation occurs when one nucleotide in the DNA sequence is replaced by another nucleotide.

Front

What is an insertion mutation?

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An insertion mutation involves the addition of one or more nucleotide bases into a DNA sequence.

Front

What is a deletion mutation?

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A deletion mutation occurs when one or more nucleotide bases are removed from a DNA sequence.

Front

What is an inversion mutation?

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An inversion mutation occurs when a segment of DNA is reversed within the chromosome.

Front

What is translocation in terms of chromosomal mutation?

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Translocation is a chromosomal mutation where a segment of DNA is moved from one location to another, either within the same chromosome or to a different chromosome.

Front

What are codons?

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Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it is translated into a protein.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

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The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins, determining the amino acid sequence.