AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 4.1: Cell Communication

Front

What is synaptic signaling?

Back

A type of signaling that occurs between neurons, where neurotransmitters are released from one neuron and bind to receptors on another neuron.

Front

What is direct signaling?

Back

A form of cell communication that occurs through direct contact between cells, such as a Helper T cell binding to an antigen-presenting cell.

Front

What is a ligand?

Back

A signaling molecule that binds to a specific receptor on a target cell, initiating a response.

Front

What is quorum sensing?

Back

A type of signaling used by bacteria to communicate and coordinate behavior based on population density.

Front

True or False: Ligands are specific to the type of cell they bind to.

Back

True.

Front

What is local signaling?

Back

A type of signaling where cells communicate over short distances, often through the release of signaling molecules that affect nearby cells.

Front

What is endocrine signaling?

Back

A form of long-distance signaling where hormones are released into the bloodstream and travel to target cells throughout the body.

Front

What is a receptor?

Back

A protein on the surface of a cell that binds to specific signaling molecules (ligands) and initiates a cellular response.

Front

What is a second messenger?

Back

A molecule that relays signals received at receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell, amplifying the signal.

Front

What is the difference between autocrine and paracrine signaling?

Back

Autocrine signaling occurs when a cell targets itself, while paracrine signaling involves a cell targeting nearby cells.