AP Biology Unit 4 Review

AP Biology Unit 4 Review

Assessment

Flashcard

Biology

11th - 12th Grade

Hard

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15 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is signal transduction?

Back

The process by which a cell converts an external signal into a functional response, often involving a series of molecular events.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What role do secondary messengers play in cell signaling?

Back

They amplify the signal and help activate or deactivate enzymes within the cell during the transduction phase.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the function of cyclins in the cell cycle?

Back

Cyclins are proteins that regulate the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which drive the cell through different phases.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a receptor in the context of hormone signaling?

Back

A specific protein on or in a cell that binds to a hormone, allowing the cell to respond to that hormone.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the significance of cAMP in signal transduction?

Back

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) acts as a secondary messenger that activates protein kinases, leading to a cellular response.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a phosphorylation cascade?

Back

A series of events where one enzyme phosphorylates another, leading to a chain reaction that amplifies the signal within the cell.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

How do hormones exert their effects on target cells?

Back

Hormones bind to specific receptors on target cells, triggering a response that can include changes in gene expression or enzyme activity.

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