What is signal transduction?
AP Biology Unit 4 Review

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Biology
•
11th - 12th Grade
•
Hard
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1.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
Back
The process by which a cell converts an external signal into a functional response, often involving a series of molecular events.
2.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What role do secondary messengers play in cell signaling?
Back
They amplify the signal and help activate or deactivate enzymes within the cell during the transduction phase.
3.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the function of cyclins in the cell cycle?
Back
Cyclins are proteins that regulate the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which drive the cell through different phases.
4.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a receptor in the context of hormone signaling?
Back
A specific protein on or in a cell that binds to a hormone, allowing the cell to respond to that hormone.
5.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is the significance of cAMP in signal transduction?
Back
cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) acts as a secondary messenger that activates protein kinases, leading to a cellular response.
6.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
What is a phosphorylation cascade?
Back
A series of events where one enzyme phosphorylates another, leading to a chain reaction that amplifies the signal within the cell.
7.
FLASHCARD QUESTION
Front
How do hormones exert their effects on target cells?
Back
Hormones bind to specific receptors on target cells, triggering a response that can include changes in gene expression or enzyme activity.
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