Protein Synthesis FLASHCARD 11/8

Front

What is transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

Front

What is translation?

Back

Translation is the process where the mRNA is decoded to form a polypeptide (protein) at the ribosome.

Front

Where does transcription occur?

Back

Transcription occurs in the nucleus of the cell.

Front

Where does translation occur?

Back

Translation occurs at the ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Front

What is the role of mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Front

What is an amino acid?

Back

An amino acid is a building block of proteins, and there are 20 different amino acids that combine in various sequences to form proteins.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in the protein produced.

Front

What is a silent mutation?

Back

A silent mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that does not alter the amino acid sequence of the protein.

Front

What is a missense mutation?

Back

A missense mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein.