Module 12 Practice Questions (2)

Front

What is a p-value in hypothesis testing?

Back

A p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. It helps determine the significance of results.

Front

What does a significance level of 0.05 indicate?

Back

A significance level of 0.05 indicates that there is a 5% risk of concluding that a difference exists when there is no actual difference. It is a common threshold for determining statistical significance.

Front

What is the null hypothesis?

Back

The null hypothesis is a statement that there is no effect or no relationship between variables. It is the hypothesis that researchers aim to test against.

Front

What is the alternative hypothesis?

Back

The alternative hypothesis is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a relationship between variables. It is what researchers aim to support.

Front

What is a Chi-Square test?

Back

A Chi-Square test is a statistical method used to determine if there is a significant association between categorical variables by comparing observed and expected frequencies.

Front

How do you calculate the contribution to the Chi-Square statistic?

Back

The contribution to the Chi-Square statistic is calculated using the formula: (Observed Count - Expected Count)² / Expected Count.

Front

What does it mean if the data provides strong evidence that variables are linearly related?

Back

It means that there is a significant correlation between the two variables, suggesting that as one variable changes, the other variable tends to change in a predictable manner.

Front

What is an expected count in a Chi-Square test?

Back

The expected count is the frequency that would be expected in each category if the null hypothesis were true, calculated based on the overall sample size and proportions.

Front

What is the difference between independent and related variables?

Back

Independent variables are those that do not affect each other, while related variables show some form of association or correlation.

Front

What does it mean if the data does not provide enough evidence to conclude the variables are related?

Back

It means that the statistical analysis did not find a significant relationship between the variables, suggesting that any observed differences could be due to chance.