Psychology and Brain Development Flashcards

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Pre-conventional

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The first level of moral development where decisions are based on rewards and punishments. (Kohlberg)

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Pre-operational

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The second stage of cognitive development (ages 2-7) where children develop symbolic thinking but lack logical reasoning. (Piaget)

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Egocentric

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Inability to see things from another person's perspective, common in the pre-operational stage. (Piaget)

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Object Permanence

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The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, developed in the sensorimotor stage. (Piaget)

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Incremental (Growth) Mindset

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The belief that abilities and intelligence can improve with effort and practice. (Dweck)

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Post-conventional

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The highest level of moral development where individuals base decisions on personal principles and universal ethics. (Kohlberg)

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Sensorimotor

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The first stage of development (birth-2 years) where infants learn through sensory experiences and actions. (Piaget)

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Decentration

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The ability to consider multiple aspects of a situation, developed in the concrete operational stage. (Piaget)

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Concrete Operational

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A stage (ages 7-11) where children think logically about concrete objects but struggle with abstract ideas. (Piaget)

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Formal Operational

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A stage (12+ years) where individuals can think abstractly, hypothetically, and systematically. (Piaget)