Fall Midterm Review (OnRamps Biology)

Front

What makes plasma membranes relatively impermeable to water-soluble molecules?

Back

Their bilayer is comprised of phospholipids.

Front

What is required for ATP synthase to function?

Back

Proton Gradient.

Front

What is the site of modification and packaging of proteins and lipids prior to export from the cell?

Back

Golgi apparatus.

Front

At which level of protein structure are peptide bonds most important?

Back

Primary structure.

Front

What does a figure with differently shaded portions representing different polypeptide chains indicate?

Back

The quaternary structure of a protein.

Front

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Back

To protect the cell and regulate what enters and exits.

Front

Define phospholipid bilayer.

Back

A double layer of phospholipids that makes up the cell membrane, with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Front

What is the role of the proton gradient in cellular respiration?

Back

It drives ATP synthesis through ATP synthase.

Front

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Back

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.

Front

What is the difference between primary and secondary protein structure?

Back

Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids; secondary structure refers to local folding patterns like alpha helices and beta sheets.