AP Bio: Unit 4 (CED)

Front

What is ATP and its role in cellular processes?

Back

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.

Front

What happens if ATP is unavailable in a signaling pathway?

Back

The secondary messenger would not be produced, affecting the signaling process.

Front

What does the graph of DNA amount in a cell cycle typically show?

Back

The amount of DNA doubles during the S phase and is halved during mitosis.

Front

What are second messengers in cell signaling?

Back

Second messengers are molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell.

Front

What is local signaling in cells?

Back

Local signaling involves communication between cells that are in close proximity, such as synaptic signaling.

Front

What is quorum sensing in bacteria?

Back

Quorum sensing is a process by which bacteria can sense their population density through the release and detection of signaling molecules.

Front

What is the function of protein kinase A?

Back

Protein kinase A is an enzyme that modifies other proteins by adding phosphate groups, playing a key role in signaling pathways.

Front

What is the significance of GDP in transmembrane proteins?

Back

GDP (Guanosine Diphosphate) binds to transmembrane proteins, influencing their activity in signaling pathways.

Front

What is the difference between endocrine and paracrine signaling?

Back

Endocrine signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant targets, while paracrine signaling involves local signaling between nearby cells.

Front

What is the role of the lipid bilayer in cell signaling?

Back

The lipid bilayer acts as a barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment, allowing for selective signaling.