Genetics and Molecular Biology

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Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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The nucleic acid inside the nucleus that codes for the body’s genetic traits; it is made of nucleotides, deoxyribose sugar, and thymine.

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Ribonucleic Acid

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The nucleic acid that uses DNA’s code to build the body by joining amino acids to make protein; it is made of nucleotides, ribose sugar, and uracil.

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Nucleotide

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The small monomer component of nucleic acid; composed of a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen base.

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Hydrogen Bond

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Weak bonds shared between nitrogen bases down the center of DNA; these are easily broken during DNA replication.

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Nitrogen Base

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One of 4 types that compose the “steps” of the double helix; can be cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine, or uracil.

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Guanine

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Purine that base pairs with cytosine; found in DNA and RNA.

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Adenine

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Purine that base pairs with thymine; found in DNA or RNA.

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Cytosine

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Pyrimidine that base pairs with guanine; found in DNA or RNA.

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Thymine

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Pyrimidine that base pairs with adenine; found in DNA only.

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Uracil

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Pyrimidine that base pairs with adenine; found in RNA only.