H Chem - Dynamic Equilibrium

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What is dynamic equilibrium in a closed system?

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Dynamic equilibrium is the state in a closed system where the rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products.

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At equilibrium, are the concentrations of reactants and products equal?

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No, at equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant but are rarely equal.

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How can chemists maximize profits in reversible reactions?

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Chemists employ strategies to move the position of equilibrium in favor of the products to maximize profits.

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What factors can affect the position of equilibrium in a reversible reaction?

Back

The position of equilibrium can be affected by altering temperature, pressure, or by adding/removing reactants/products.

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What is the role of a catalyst in a reversible reaction?

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A catalyst increases the rates of the forward and reverse reactions equally, speeding up the rate at which equilibrium is achieved without affecting the position of equilibrium.

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What ion do you introduce into a dynamic equilbrium when you add acid?

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H+ ions (hydrogen ions).

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What can hydrogen ions react with and remove from a dynamic equilbrium?

Back

OH- (hydroxide ions). This reduces the concentration and the equilibrium shifts accordingly

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If the forward reaction is exothermic in an equilibrium, what direction does it shift on increasing temperature?

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Shifts to the left, in favour of the endothermic reaction

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If the forward reaction has less gaseous molecules, and you increase the pressure, what direction does the equilbrium shift?

Back

shifts to the side with less gaseous molecules, shifts to the right

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