Biology GMA Study Guide Flashcard

Front

What is deforestation and how does it affect the atmosphere?

Back

Deforestation is the clearing of trees and forests, which leads to increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, contributing to climate change.

Front

What is hemoglobin and its function in the body?

Back

Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.

Front

How do structural changes in proteins affect their function?

Back

Structural changes in proteins, such as hemoglobin, can impair their ability to perform their functions, like carrying oxygen, indicating that a protein's shape is crucial to its role.

Front

What is a ribosome and its role in cells?

Back

A ribosome is a cellular structure that synthesizes proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences.

Front

What does it mean for alleles to show incomplete dominance?

Back

Incomplete dominance occurs when the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is a blend of the two homozygous phenotypes, such as pink flowers from red and white parents.

Front

What is the significance of common ancestry in biology?

Back

Common ancestry suggests that different species share a common ancestor, which is supported by similarities in genetic material and protein sequences.

Front

What are the differences between bacteria and viruses?

Back

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that can reproduce independently, while viruses are not cells and require a host to replicate.

Front

What is the role of protective coverings in bacteria and viruses?

Back

Both bacteria and viruses have protective coverings; bacteria have cell walls, while viruses have protein coats, which help them survive in hostile environments.

Front

What is the importance of the amino acid sequence in proteins?

Back

The amino acid sequence determines a protein's structure and function; even small changes can significantly affect its activity.

Front

What is a Punnett square and its use in genetics?

Back

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms, showing the possible allele combinations.