Ch. 18 Evolutionary Trees

Front

What does it mean if species A and B have very similar genes and proteins?

Back

Species A and B share a relatively recent common ancestor.

Front

Which organism is most distantly related to humans according to evolutionary trees?

Back

Crayfish.

Front

What are structures that have the same function but different structures called?

Back

Analogous structures.

Front

Who shares a more distant common ancestor: Sponge and Mouse, Mouse and Mushroom, or Tomato and Fern?

Back

Mouse and Mushroom.

Front

On a cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of humans: Frog, Hare, Caiman, or Parrot?

Back

Hare.

Front

What is an evolutionary tree?

Back

A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.

Front

What are homologous structures?

Back

Structures that are similar in different species due to shared ancestry.

Front

What is the significance of a common ancestor in evolutionary biology?

Back

It indicates that different species have diverged from a shared lineage over time.

Front

What is a cladogram?

Back

A branching diagram that represents the evolutionary relationships among species.

Front

What are vestigial structures?

Back

Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.