DC Biology Ch. 18 HW

Front

What is DNA methylation?

Back

DNA methylation is a mechanism that condenses chromatin and can lead to the long-term inactivation of genes during development.

Front

What binds to DNA enhancer regions to stimulate transcription?

Back

Activator proteins bind to DNA enhancer regions to stimulate transcription.

Front

What are proteasomes?

Back

Proteasomes are enzyme complexes that break down proteins.

Front

How do miRNAs control gene expression?

Back

miRNAs control gene expression by binding to mRNAs and degrading them or blocking their translation.

Front

What are cytoplasmic determinants?

Back

Cytoplasmic determinants are maternal substances in the egg that influence the course of early development.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Front

What are transcription factors?

Back

Transcription factors are proteins that help regulate the transcription of specific genes by binding to nearby DNA.

Front

What is the function of enhancers in gene expression?

Back

Enhancers are regulatory DNA sequences that increase the likelihood of transcription of a particular gene.

Front

What is the significance of chromatin structure in gene regulation?

Back

Chromatin structure affects gene accessibility; tightly packed chromatin can inhibit transcription, while loosely packed chromatin can promote it.

Front

What is the difference between introns and exons?

Back

Introns are non-coding regions of a gene that are removed during RNA processing, while exons are coding regions that remain in the final mRNA.