Biology STAAR Review 2.0 Flashcard

Front

What molecule carries genetic information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is the molecule that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the probability of two heterozygous parents producing an offspring with a homozygous recessive genotype?

Back

25% is the probability that two heterozygous parents (Tt x Tt) will produce an offspring with a homozygous recessive genotype (tt).

Front

What is the waste product of cellular respiration?

Back

Carbon dioxide is the waste product of cellular respiration, which occurs when cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy.

Front

What is the term for the variety of different species within a given ecosystem?

Back

Biodiversity refers to the variety of different species within a given ecosystem, contributing to its health and stability.

Front

What is the primary role of the kidneys in the human body?

Back

The primary role of the kidneys is to filter waste products from the blood and regulate fluid balance.

Front

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

Define genetic diversity.

Back

Genetic diversity refers to the variety of genes within a species, which contributes to the adaptability and survival of the species.

Front

What is the role of rRNA in the cell?

Back

rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

Front

Explain the process of photosynthesis.

Back

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Front

What is the significance of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.