Transcription & Translation (#1)

Front

What is transcription in protein synthesis?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is translation in protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA and the corresponding tRNA molecules.

Front

What role does mRNA play in protein synthesis?

Back

mRNA carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of tRNA in translation?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) brings specific amino acids to the ribosome, matching them to the codons on the mRNA during protein synthesis.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is an anticodon?

Back

An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA, allowing for the correct amino acid to be added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Front

What is the significance of the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes mRNA from the DNA template during transcription.

Front

What can cause mutations during transcription?

Back

Mutations can occur due to the deletion or addition of a base, leading to incorrect amino acid sequences in proteins.

Front

Where does protein synthesis occur in the cell?

Back

Protein synthesis occurs in the ribosomes, which can be found in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.