experimental vs observational

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What is an Observational Study?

Back

An Observational Study is a research method where the researcher observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating any variables. It aims to identify correlations or patterns.

Front

What is an Experiment?

Back

An Experiment is a research method where the researcher manipulates one or more variables to determine their effect on a dependent variable, allowing for cause-and-effect conclusions.

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Example of an Observational Study: A researcher observes the color of cars in a parking lot and whether drivers wear seatbelts. What type of study is this?

Back

Observational Study.

Front

Example of an Experiment: A researcher assigns groups to watch different types of television programs and measures aggressive behavior. What type of study is this?

Back

Experiment.

Front

What is the main difference between Observational Studies and Experiments?

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The main difference is that Observational Studies do not involve manipulation of variables, while Experiments do.

Front

In an Observational Study, can the researcher influence the subjects?

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No, the researcher does not influence the subjects; they only observe.

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In an Experiment, what is the purpose of random assignment?

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Random assignment helps ensure that each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any group, reducing bias and increasing the validity of the results.

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What is a dependent variable in an Experiment?

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The dependent variable is the outcome that is measured in an experiment to see if it is affected by changes in the independent variable.

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What is an independent variable in an Experiment?

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The independent variable is the factor that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

Front

Can Observational Studies establish cause-and-effect relationships?

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No, Observational Studies can only suggest correlations, not cause-and-effect relationships.